Firefighters have expressed concerns regarding the rapid and intense fires caused by lithium batteries, such as those in e-bikes in residential settings in Toronto and Peterborough, Ontario, along with incidents involving large storage batteries at a solar farm in Prince Edward Island. Issues related to lithium battery fires have resulted in restrictions on electric bikes and cars in certain buildings, public transit, and ferries, impacting those who depend on these modes of transportation. These incidents have also created hesitancy among some individuals who are considering using electric vehicles.
During Fire Prevention Week, which highlights lithium batteries this year, attention is drawn to the challenges posed by lithium battery fires and methods to reduce associated risks.
Statistics on lithium battery fires in Canada are not consistently tracked by fire departments. However, estimates suggest that last year, there were approximately 1,500 fires caused by lithium batteries in 600 communities across the country, with the numbers rising in tandem with the increased use of lithium battery-powered devices. While fires involving devices like e-bikes and e-scooters are more common, incidents related to electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage batteries are less frequent due to rigorous testing and safety features implemented in these systems.
Lithium battery fires can be initiated by various factors, including damage to the battery barrier, overheating from incorrect charging methods, and exposure to external heat sources. These fires can generate toxic substances and have the potential to reignite even after being extinguished, necessitating careful handling and storage post-fire.
Dealing with lithium battery fires poses challenges for firefighters, with limited formal training and inadequate equipment for such incidents. Extinguishing EV fires typically requires large quantities of water, as traditional fire suppression methods may not be effective in smothering lithium battery fires.
To reduce the risk of lithium battery fires, it is recommended to purchase certified batteries with safety labels, charge devices correctly, and recycle damaged batteries at designated drop-off sites to ensure safe disposal and prevent potential hazards.
Overall, the unique characteristics of lithium battery fires, including their rapid escalation, ability to self-generate oxygen, and production of toxic byproducts, necessitate heightened awareness and precautionary measures to mitigate risks associated with these incidents.