A recent study conducted by the University of British Columbia has highlighted concerns regarding the environmental impact of synthetic turf fields in Metro Vancouver. The study, recently published in the journal Environmental Science Processes & Impacts, reveals that these fields are releasing a chemical harmful to coho salmon, known as 6PPD-quinone, into stormwater systems which can eventually contaminate streams and rivers during rainfall.
The research attributes the pollution to the crumb rubber infill, small black pellets derived from recycled tires commonly used in artificial turf fields. Scientists gathered infill samples from 12 fields across Metro Vancouver and stormwater from the drainage systems of three fields during rainstorms, with the fields having been in place for durations ranging from one to 14 years.
According to the study, the issue is not limited to newer fields as contamination can persist over the years, with fields releasing pollutants consistently throughout their lifespan, which can extend beyond a decade. It was revealed that an average turf field contains approximately 125 tonnes of crumb rubber, equivalent to about 20,000 tires. Consequently, these fields become long-term sources of tire-derived pollution, entering stormwater pipes and eventually reaching fish-bearing waterways.
The study emphasizes that even small amounts of the chemical can be detrimental, likening it to a drop of water in an Olympic-sized pool. The released 6PPD-quinone surpasses lethal concentration values for coho salmon, posing a significant threat to them upon exposure. Additionally, other fish species, including juvenile cutthroat trout, are also at risk of harm from the chemical.
Researchers express concern over the drainage systems of synthetic turf fields, where water containing contaminants is collected and either channeled into stormwater infrastructure or discharged untreated into surface waters. The potential impact on coho salmon has sparked concerns among environmentalists and stream watchers in British Columbia, given the chemical’s known lethal effects on the species.
As the City of Vancouver continues to invest in synthetic turf fields to meet sports space demands, the study’s findings underscore the need for environmental considerations. Although synthetic turf fields offer advantages such as year-round usability and cost recovery benefits, they also raise concerns about microplastic release and stormwater management.
In response to the study, the Vancouver Park Board has halted the use of crumb rubber infill due to the identified chemical concerns, opting for inert and non-toxic infill materials like EPDM rubber. Other municipalities like Surrey and Burnaby are monitoring the issue closely, implementing measures to safeguard against contamination of fish habitats and waterways.
To address the risks posed by the salmon-harming chemical and other pollutants, researchers suggest using alternative infill materials like polymer or installing treatment systems beneath the fields to capture contaminants before they enter stormwater systems. While these solutions may incur higher costs, they offer potential mitigation strategies to protect aquatic life and preserve water quality.