In a recent scientific study, researchers from Mount Allison University made an unexpected discovery in a town within the Greater Moncton area. They identified a previously unknown population of the four-toed salamander in Riverview in 2023, a species typically confined to a specific bog in Fundy National Park. This finding suggests that the salamander may possess a higher level of adaptability than previously assumed.
Lead author Josh Christiansen described the salamanders as small, approximately seven centimeters in size, with a distinctive rusty brown coloration. Notably, each salamander displays a unique salt and pepper pattern on its belly. These creatures, classified as habitat specialists, rely on specific environmental conditions to facilitate respiration through their skin and oral tissues.
The four-toed salamanders thrive in forested areas abundant in ground cover like leaf litter and fallen logs, creating microhabitats essential for their survival. Additionally, their habitat must include bogs with sphagnum moss, as they avoid open water that harbors fish, known predators of their offspring.
While the species is widespread in North America, their documented presence in New Brunswick was previously limited to Fundy National Park due to their specialized habitat requirements. The discovery in Riverview occurred serendipitously, as the researchers were not actively seeking this species during their study.
Christiansen highlighted the importance of preserving the newly found population’s location, situated near urban development and roads. Protecting the bog and forest where the salamanders reside is crucial to ensuring their continued existence in this urban setting. The researchers aim to identify more potential habitats for the species while emphasizing the need for conservation measures to safeguard their unique environment.